5,000-year-old beer: Beijing-based Jing-A Brewing Co recreated the ancient recipe found in Mijiaya, near Xi'an in China. Aaron Berkovich/Peking Productions. Trip through time: The brewers behind ...Daily life in ancient China changed through the centuries but reflected the values of the presence of gods and one's ancestors in almost every time period. Villages like Banpo show evidence of a matriarchal society, where there was a priestly class dominated by women who governed and were the religious authorities.. Chinese culture is one of …Feb 9, 2024 · Chinese Sticky Rice (Try It: Chinese Sticky Rice) Hainanese Chicken Rice (Try It: Hainanese Chicken Rice) Chinese Steamed Eggplant (Try It: Seasoned Steamed Eggplant) Chinese Dumplings (Try It: Pan-Fried Jiaozi) Spring Rolls (Try It: Spring Rolls) 23 Easy Asian Noodle Recipes You’ll Want to Add to Your Weekly Rotation. Chinese History - Page 3 The rich people of China ate very well. They ate grains like rice, wheat and millet. They also ate plenty of meat including pork, ...Dumplings. Spring Festival (Chinese New Year) is the most important traditional festival in China, when Chinese people especially emphasize wishes for happiness and blessing. So New Year foods usually symbolize good luck and best wishes. 'Year cake' (年糕 niángāo /nyen-gao/) means 'increasing prosperity' because the name …If you’re craving some delicious Chinese food and wondering where you can find authentic cuisine near your location, look no further. In this article, we’ll guide you on how to dis...Jan 20, 2021 · Dim Sim are Chinese-inspired meat and vegetable dumpling-style snack foods invented in Australia. 2. Rice is not the staple food across all of China. There is a North and South divide that splits cultural customs and food. In the North, the dry climate is better for growing wheat and millet so the staple diet is noodles. Basic to Chinese cuisine are jan and tsai- 'cereal' (the rice staple and main meal) and 'dishes' to accompany the rice. Chinese traditional medicine, as in ...In hot summers, the Chinese people also like to make this sweet soup with mung beans. Because the mung bean has the function of clearing the inner heat and is the most popular food in summer. Tangerine-flavored Red Bean Paste. Fried Round Flat Cake (Fried Glutinous Rice Balls with Sesame) The fried round flat cake is an ancient dessert …The food was excellent and the portions were generous. What I really wanted to comment on…" read more. in Sushi Bars, Italian, Seafood. …Farming. The Ancient Chinese really pioneered farming the land. They used handmade stone and wood tools to plow and plant crops. During the 5th century BC the Chinese started with iron plows which were much harder and longer lasting. Farming was a very manual and hands on job. wheat would be loosened from the crop by beating it with sticks. Since the 1980s, China has developed a broader and deeper connection with the world. One of the most intriguing aspects of Chinese culture is its rich cuisine and fascinating cooking. China is a nation with a long history of food culture, and food has become an essential part of Chinese culture. This book tells in sprightly and straightforward ...Learn about the history, culture, and diversity of Chinese cuisine, from dim sum to fried insects, from rice to kumis, from noodles to tofu. Discover some of the less known facts about ancient Chinese …Are you craving some delicious Chinese cuisine but don’t feel like going out? Thankfully, there are plenty of Chinese restaurants in your area that offer convenient delivery servic...Dec 27, 2021 · Ancient Chinese Food Culture. Date: Opening on December 28, 2021. Venue: Gallery N11. Host by: National Museum of China. Food is not only the essential need for human survival and development, but also one of the symbols of social development and progress. Food culture is an important part of ancient Chinese culture. Domesticated millet was produced in China by 6000 B.C. Most ancient Chinese ate millet before they ate rice. Among the other crops that were grown by the ...Lye-water or egg noodles – Most popular types are Oil noodles, Thin Noodles (one of the most common in entire China), Mee pok, Yi Mein, Shrimp roe noodles and Jook-sing noodles (rare delicacy). Rice – They are made either by cutting rice slurry into sheets that is cut into smaller strands, or by extruding rice paste.Like many ancient foodstuffs, the origin of noodles – a stalwart of Asian cuisine today – is disputed. Theories linking noodles to ancient Italian, Arab and Chinese cultures abound, but a ...A plate of testaroli, an ancient dish, served with pesto at a trattoria in Pontremoli, Italy. This is a list of ancient dishes, prepared foods and beverages that have been recorded as originating during ancient history.The span of recorded history is roughly 5,000 years, beginning with Sumerian cuneiform script, the oldest discovered form of coherent writing …This is a list of ancient dishes, prepared foods and beverages that have been recorded as originating during ancient history. The span of recorded history is roughly 5,000 years, beginning with Sumerian cuneiform script, the oldest discovered form of coherent writing from the protoliterate period around 3,000 to 2,900 years BCE. Nov 26, 2017 · Halotus – The Possible Poisoner. As its name suggests, a food taster was tasked with the job of tasting a person’s food. This was to ensure that the food / drink was not contaminated by poison and was safe to be consumed. Food tasters can be found throughout human history. One of the most famous food tasters, for example, was a eunuch by ... It is fair to say food culture in ancient China reflected the traits of the dynasties. 8.2.1 The Origin of Food Culture. As the Chinese saying goes, “food is the paramount necessity of people.” Located in a temperate zone with a large population, China is a country that experiences frequent natural disasters. People have often struggled on ...Ancient Chinese Dish Series in the Yellow River Region — Grains and Hunting Food . From the Neolithic Era to the Zhou Dynasty (1046 BC — 256 BC), the ancient Chinese …Chinese imperial food originated around the Zhou Dynasty (11th century B.C. 476 B.C.). Although China s dietetic culture developed and grew prior to the Zhou Dynasty, it truly flourished during ... Ancient Civilization: China. Ancient China is responsible for a rich culture, still evident in modern China. From small farming communities rose dynasties such as the Zhou (1046-256 B.C.E.), Qin (221-206 B.C.E.), and Ming (1368-1644 C.E.). Each had …4. Tea eggs. Here is another one of the most famous Chinese street foods. Notice, though, that these eggs also braise with spices to make them more flavorful. They are uniquely healthy with a strong tea flavor. This is one of the best snacks when you need a filling snack.Cannabis sativa L. (Cannabaceae) has a long history of utilization as a fiber and seed crop in China, and its achenes (“seeds”) as well as other plant parts have been recorded in Chinese medical texts for nearly 2000 years. While the primary applications of cannabis in Chinese medicine center around the use of the achenes, ancient indications …Irrigation Control Technique: Rice has always been the staple Chinese food. Rice requires a lot of water for its growth. So, irrigation and wet farming methods were vital parts of ancient Chinese farming. The Dujjangyan irrigation system was built as an ancient farming technique. It is so effective and strong that it survives even until today.Grain was the main food for the Han Chinese, as it still is for Chinese today. What, then, were the major categories of grain that were cultivated in Han China?Irrigation Control Technique: Rice has always been the staple Chinese food. Rice requires a lot of water for its growth. So, irrigation and wet farming methods were vital parts of ancient Chinese farming. The Dujjangyan irrigation system was built as an ancient farming technique. It is so effective and strong that it survives even until today.Dumpling. People in northern China typically will eat dumplings (jiaozi) on New Year's Eve. This occurs because 'jiaozi' sounds like a word meaning 'bidding farewell to the old and ushering in the new.' in Chinese. Dumplings are always made before midnight and eaten during the last hour of the old year and the first hour of the Lunar New Year.Mar 29, 2018 · There are eight famous Chinese cuisines, each of which includes hundreds of dishes. Moreover, there are numerous special snacks which enjoy a long history. It is fair to say food culture in ancient China reflected the traits of the dynasties. 8.2.1 The Origin of Food Culture. As the Chinese saying goes, “food is the paramount necessity of ... Chinese culture is diverse and unique, yet harmoniously blended — an invaluable asset to the world. Our China culture guide contains information divided into Traditions, Heritage, Arts, Festivals, Language, and Symbols. Topics include Chinese food, World Heritage sites, China's Spring Festival, Kungfu, and Beijing opera. Chinese New Year.4. Sichuan Hot Pot. Sichuan hotpot. Sichuan hotpot, like most of the cuisine in this humid and populous province, is numbingly spicy. The broth is flavored with chili peppers and other strong-tasting herbs and spices. The main ingredients include hot pepper, Chinese crystal sugar, and wine. Slices of kidney, chicken breast, beef tripe, …Jan 9, 2023 · Ancient China was often connected to the rest of the world through trade, not only along the famous Silk Road but also via merchant ships that sailed the Indian Ocean, connecting East Asia to the Middle East, Europe, and Africa. Silk, paper, tea, and porcelain were just some of the goods the Chinese exported far and wide. Trade routes, once ... Young China Plates is a monthly series in which we digest the latest food trends making young Chinese people’s mouths water. Drop us a line if you have a suggestion. Chinese people love fried chicken just as much as Americans, if not more. Since KFC opened its first outlet in China in 1987, the country has become home to the most KFC stores globally, …Jun 24, 2021 · This ancient “pie” shows the unified system of Chinese food for later generations. Although wheat is a kind of local crop in the western region, it is also widely planted in the eastern region and has an impact beyond the ancient traditional five grains in the central China and becomes one of the staple foods. Ancient Chinese cuisine is not merely a collection of recipes; it is a living testament to the cultural heritage of a nation. Each dish carries a story, embodying the wisdom, creativity, and artistry of generations past. By exploring these ancient recipes, we not only savor the flavors of history but also gain a deeper understanding of the rich ...Jan 10, 2024 · Ancient Chinese Food: Traditional Foods, Farming & More. Recipe Blog – Historical Recipes of China. FAQ Q1: How did ancient Chinese cuisine reflect the nation’s profound culture? A1: Ancient Chinese cuisine was deeply intertwined with the nation’s culture, reflecting its history, philosophy, and beliefs. Jan 16, 2023 · The ancient Chinese diet was based on a balance of grains, vegetables, and small amounts of meat. Grains, such as rice, wheat, and millet, were the staple foods of the ancient Chinese. Rice was ... Other articles where Chinese cuisine is discussed: China: Daily life, sports, and recreation: Chinese cuisine, like Chinese philosophy, is organized along Daoist principles of opposition and change: hot is balanced by cold, spicy by mild, fresh by cured. ... In ancient China the first act of many emperors was to appoint a court chef, and, once ...25 Sept 2021 ... Tangyuan literally means “soup ball.” This sweet food is made up of balls of glutinous rice flour, sometimes with filling, that taste soft and ...Chinese culture is diverse and unique, yet harmoniously blended — an invaluable asset to the world. Our China culture guide contains information divided into Traditions, Heritage, Arts, Festivals, Language, and Symbols. Topics include Chinese food, World Heritage sites, China's Spring Festival, Kungfu, and Beijing opera. Chinese New Year.The culinary history of China goes back much further than 5,000 years. Here we trace the development of Chinese cuisine from the most ancient times, through the rise and fall of the many dynasties, to the modern period and the food that is cooked and eaten by Chinese people today. BC. 1.5–0.5. million years ago. 5,000-year-old beer: Beijing-based Jing-A Brewing Co recreated the ancient recipe found in Mijiaya, near Xi'an in China. Aaron Berkovich/Peking Productions. Trip through time: The brewers behind ...Last week, when a civil court judge in New York ruled against Donald J. Trump, he imposed a set of penalties so severe that they could temporarily sever the former …Meet Confucius, the great teacher. Read ancient stories like Nian the Monster, Wang the Peddler, and Loawnu the Wise. Discover how paper was invented. Learn about Taoism and the Ugly Duckling. Walk the Great Wall of China. Travel and trade along the dangerous Silk Road! Meet magical creatures. Guess the meaning of two ancient Chinese fables.Are you in the mood for some delicious Chinese cuisine but don’t feel like going out? Don’t worry. With the rise of food delivery services, you can now enjoy your favorite dishes f...Cannabis sativa L. (Cannabaceae) has a long history of utilization as a fiber and seed crop in China, and its achenes (“seeds”) as well as other plant parts have been recorded in Chinese medical texts for nearly 2000 years. While the primary applications of cannabis in Chinese medicine center around the use of the achenes, ancient indications …By World Federation of Chinese Catering Industry. The development of Chinese cuisine has spanned four stages: cooking with stones, pottery, bronzeware, and ironware. Stone Age humans heated stones with fire and used them to cook food. Over 10,000 years ago, humans used clay pots and boiled food with water. Then, 4,000 years ago, people used ... Sycee. A sycee [n 1] ( / ˈsaɪsiː, saɪˈsiː /; [2] [1] from Cantonese 細絲, Jyutping: Sai3 Si1, lit. 'fine silk') [2] [3] or yuanbao ( traditional Chinese: 元寶; simplified Chinese: 元宝; pinyin: yuánbǎo; Jyutping: jyun4 bou2; Pe̍h-ōe-jī: Goân-pó; lit. 'primary treasure') was a type of gold and silver ingot currency used in ... e. Chinese imperial cuisine is derived from a variety of cooking styles of the regions in China, mainly from the cuisines of Shandong and Jiangsu provinces. The style originated from various Emperors ' Kitchen and the Empress Dowagers ' Kitchen, and it is similar to Beijing cuisine which it heavily influenced. Imperial cuisine was served mainly ... Ancient China produced what has become the oldest extant culture in the world. The name 'China' comes from the Sanskrit Cina (derived from the name of the Chinese Qin Dynasty, pronounced 'Chin') which was translated as 'Cin' by the Persians and seems to have become popularized through trade along the Silk Road.. The Romans …If you love Chinese food, you'll want to try these 20 traditional dishes that go beyond the usual take-out fare. Learn from a Chinese-Malaysian chef how to make …Instructions: Heat sheep fat in a pot wide enough for the diced lamb to spread in one layer. Add lamb and sear on high heat until all moisture evaporates. Fold in the onion and keep cooking until ...Chinese Cuisine History - From Ancient to Traditional Chinese Food. History of Chinese cuisine spans last 3 millennia of human history, covering incredible expansion of food recipes, food processing …The Yellow River in Modern China. A northward course-change in the river in the early 1850s helped fuel the Taiping Rebellion, one of China's deadliest peasant revolts. As populations grew ever larger along the treacherous river's banks, so too did the death tolls from flooding. In 1887, a major Yellow River flood killed an estimated 900,000 to ...Browse 1,000+ ancient chinese food stock photos and images available, or start a new search to explore more stock photos and images. Chinese acupuncture treatment with needles, herbs and spice used in traditional natural herbal plant medicine remedies. Plant based healthcare concept."n.Dec 10, 2021 · This essay explores the relationships between food and health in Chinese history, from ancient times to the present. It briefly reviews how historians have written about dietary knowledge in China's past, from a midcentury focus on discoveries that prefigured those of modern nutrition science to a more expansive recent understanding of healthy eating. Classifications Map showing classification and distribution of major regional cuisines of China Not long after the expansion of the Chinese Empire during the Qin dynasty, Han writers noted the great differences in culinary practices among the different parts of their realm. Zhou Dynasty – Ancient Chinese history. Eastern Zhou – Ancient Chinese history. Qin Dynasty – The Great Wall of China. Han Dynasty – Silk Road and Scholars. Eastern Han – Wang Mang and the Red Eyebrows. Three Kingdoms China – Early Medieval China. Sui Dynasty – China attacks Korea. T’ang Dynasty – Medieval China. Song Dynasty ...Jun 24, 2021 · This ancient “pie” shows the unified system of Chinese food for later generations. Although wheat is a kind of local crop in the western region, it is also widely planted in the eastern region and has an impact beyond the ancient traditional five grains in the central China and becomes one of the staple foods. Noodles are one of the oldest traditional Chinese foods. Chinese people have started eating noodles about 4,000 years ago. At first, noodles was small dough sheet. Later, in the Jin Dynasty (265 - 420 AD), thin noodles like strips appeared. In the Tang Dynasty (618 - 907 AD), a kind of noodles that was cooled in cold water appeared.Food in Ancient China Elements in the Archaeology of Food DOI: 10.1017/9781009408370 First published online: December 2023 Yitzchak Jaffe University of Haifa Author for correspondence: Yitzchak Jaffe, yjaff[email protected] Abstract: This Element provides an overview of food and foodways in Ancient China, from Homo sapiens (around 50 KYA ...For dessert, ancient Chinese normally preferred fresh fruit. Tea being the Chinas national drink was very common in the ancient time also. It was generally ...History of Chinese cuisine starts with the 4 thousand year old archaeological findings of the oldest noodle food found in the upper reaches of the Chinese Yellow River. By the time of the Han Dynasty *206 BC – 220 AD), manufacture of various grain food became very organized and cooking also reflected that. Southern china was famous for their ... According to the historical records, as early as in the Shang Dynasty (16th - 11th century BC), Chinese people began to drink alcohol and use it to worship Gods. All kinds of alcohol except yellow rice wine developed greatly after the Han (206BC-220) and Tang (618-907) dynasties. Chinese alcohols have a wide variety of kinds.Dumplings. Spring Festival (Chinese New Year) is the most important traditional festival in China, when Chinese people especially emphasize wishes for happiness and blessing. So New Year foods usually symbolize good luck and best wishes. 'Year cake' (年糕 niángāo /nyen-gao/) means 'increasing prosperity' because the name …Homemade dumpling wrappers (Ultimate Dumpling Guide part 1) Braised Pork Belly (Hong Shao Rou/红烧肉), an Easy Version. Chinese dumplings, an ultimate how-to guide (Jiaozi/饺子) Egg Drop Soup, the Classic Version (蛋花汤) A collection of authentic Chinese recipes featuring a wide range of classic dishes. They provide easy-to-follow ...The Northern Chinese style dumplings, also called potstickers, are pan-fried dumplings. These are street food, appetizers or a side order in the Chinese menu. An interesting thing about the way of preparing these dumplings is that the lower part of it is pan-fried while the upper part is steamed, giving it a contrasting texture and an appearance.With an ancient civilization more than five thousand years, China’s food culture is an important part of its culture. Rooted in traditional Chinese philosophy, like Yin-Yang and Five Element and Confucianism, Chinese cuisine and its cooking process reflect the harmony and balance of nature. Chinese cuisine comprises cuisines originating from China, as well as from Chinese people from other parts of the world.Because of the Chinese diaspora and historical power of the country, Chinese cuisine has profoundly influenced many other cuisines in Asia and beyond, with modifications made to cater to local palates. Chinese food staples such as …It is fair to say food culture in ancient China reflected the traits of the dynasties. 8.2.1 The Origin of Food Culture. As the Chinese saying goes, “food is the paramount necessity of people.” Located in a temperate zone with a large population, China is a country that experiences frequent natural disasters. People have often struggled on ...Ancient Chinese food culture echoes through the ages, imprinting its wisdom on contemporary practices. Today, as we savor the diverse flavors of Chinese cuisine, …Ancient China covered a vast and ever-changing geopolitical landscape, and the art it produced over three millennia is, unsurprisingly, just as varied. Still, despite continuous indigenous technical developments, changes in materials and tastes, and the influence of foreign ideas, there are certain qualities inherent in Chinese art which make …The green dragon is also called the azure dragon. It is one of the four great beasts in Chinese mythology (the Black Tortoise, Vermilion Bird, White Tiger, and Azure Dragon) representing the four directions (north, south, west, and east) respectively. The green dragon represents the east and controls rain and wind.Ancient China food comprised a variety of vegetables, meats and grains. The main staple of ancient China food was rice and then millet. ... Rice dumplings were popular during the first full moon of a New Year and the ancient Chinese made wishes for good fortune while eating the dumplings. Tea is considered to be the national drink of ancient ...With the discovery of fire, diversification of food, and advance of farming techniques, ancient Chinese began to grow grains, including millet, barley, beans, ...Irrigation Control Technique: Rice has always been the staple Chinese food. Rice requires a lot of water for its growth. So, irrigation and wet farming methods were vital parts of ancient Chinese farming. The Dujjangyan irrigation system was built as an ancient farming technique. It is so effective and strong that it survives even until today.Are you craving some delicious Chinese food but don’t know where to start? Look no further. In this guide, we will explore the best Chinese restaurants near you, bringing you close...Ancient Wisdom, Modern Kitchen, a winner in the 2010 International Book Awards, reveals how easy it is to tap into the 3,000-year-old secrets of the Eastern healing arts.This entertaining and easy-to-use book provides scores of delicious recipes, anecdotes about various herbs and foods, and all you need to know about acquiring ingredients- …Last week, when a civil court judge in New York ruled against Donald J. Trump, he imposed a set of penalties so severe that they could temporarily sever the former …
Ancient China food comprised a variety of vegetables, meats and grains. The main staple of ancient China food was rice and then millet. ... Rice dumplings were popular during the first full moon of a New Year and the ancient Chinese made wishes for good fortune while eating the dumplings. Tea is considered to be the national drink of ancient .... Spotify playlist download
Ancient China produced what has become the oldest extant culture in the world. The name 'China' comes from the Sanskrit Cina (derived from the name of the Chinese Qin Dynasty, pronounced 'Chin') which was translated as 'Cin' by the Persians and seems to have become popularized through trade along the Silk Road.. The Romans …KC Chang was an archaeologist, so he wrote the introduction and the chapter about ancient Chinese food customs. Then you’ve got chapters on all the other main dynastic periods, and one on modern China. It remains a key work, and if you want to become more deeply informed about the history of Chinese food it’s a great place to start.In the Song Empire, mutton was mainly eaten by royals and nobles, while civilians could mostly afford pork, chicken, fish, and duck. Morning markets, night ...If you’re craving some delicious Chinese food and wondering where you can find authentic cuisine near your location, look no further. In this article, we’ll guide you on how to dis...The Ancient Origins of Qigong. Qigong, as we know it today, is an amalgamation of thousands of years of knowledge. Its roots date back over 4,000 years to ancient Chinese culture. Over this 4,000-year period, different parts of Chinese society developed and practiced different qigong forms.Chinese Food and Season To guide agricultural production, ancient Chinese people divided the year into 24 segments based on the sun's position in the zodiac. Each segment is called a solar term, which reflects the changes in the seasons, climate, and phenology.Description. Shijing ( Book of Foods ) 食经. Sui dynasty Xie Feng. Beitang shuchao ( Excerpts of Books in the Northern Hall) [9] simplified Chinese: 北堂书钞; traditional Chinese: 北堂書鈔. Yu Shinan, an official and calligrapher. The oldest surviving leishu, which is a kind of Chinese reference book or encyclopedia. [10] Jan 16, 2023 · The ancient Chinese diet was based on a balance of grains, vegetables, and small amounts of meat. Grains, such as rice, wheat, and millet, were the staple foods of the ancient Chinese. Rice was ... The North China Plain is high and arid, and the south is quite rainy. However, both of these areas were flush with rivers, such as the Yellow River and the ...The food is covered with water and put in a covered ceramic jar, and is then steamed for several hours. Red cooking: 紅燒: 红烧: hóngshāo: several different slow-cooked stews characterized by the use of soy sauce and/or caramelised sugar and various ingredients. Stir frying: 炒 / 爆: 炒 / 爆: chǎo / bào: two fast Chinese cooking ...Ancient Chinese Food: Home Tools Mid-Autumn Festival Traditional Foods Poor People Rich People Credits What Do Poor People In Ancient China Eat? In Ancient China, poor people eat any thing that they farm, they are able to eat things like; noodles, rice, dumplings and pancakes. As long as they paid their bills they are allowed to eat the left ...Instructions: Heat sheep fat in a pot wide enough for the diced lamb to spread in one layer. Add lamb and sear on high heat until all moisture evaporates. Fold in the onion and keep cooking until ...Food in Ancient China Elements in the Archaeology of Food DOI: 10.1017/9781009408370 First published online: December 2023 Yitzchak Jaffe University of Haifa Author for correspondence: Yitzchak Jaffe, yjaff[email protected] Abstract: This Element provides an overview of food and foodways in Ancient China, from Homo sapiens (around 50 KYA ...Food in Ancient China Elements in the Archaeology of Food DOI: 10.1017/9781009408370 First published online: December 2023 Yitzchak Jaffe University of Haifa Author for correspondence: Yitzchak Jaffe, yjaff[email protected] Abstract: This Element provides an overview of food and foodways in Ancient China, from Homo sapiens (around 50 KYA ...This ancient food comes to us by way of the Etruscans. This proto-pasta was cooked on flat terracotta (Francesca Longo / CC BY NC ND 2.0) Nian Gao. Nian Gao is a sweet, sticky rice cake cooked to celebrate the Chinese New Year. This treat originated around 480 BC during the Zhou Dynasty. The origin of Nian Gao is unclear, although …Homemade dumpling wrappers (Ultimate Dumpling Guide part 1) Braised Pork Belly (Hong Shao Rou/红烧肉), an Easy Version. Chinese dumplings, an ultimate how-to guide (Jiaozi/饺子) Egg Drop Soup, the Classic Version (蛋花汤) A collection of authentic Chinese recipes featuring a wide range of classic dishes. They provide easy-to-follow ....